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NEW ITEMS:

Accepted for publication in Galilean Electrodynamics Journal (2012 June): Cosmic-Redshift Distance Law, Without c Without H —removing the speed-of-light and the Hubble constant from the RS-distance equation.

New Article submitted to Special Issue of Entropy journal. Will be made available after undergoing peer review. (There is some concern that posting this paper may jeopardize publication.)
The Fundamental Process of Energy —a qualitative understanding and conceptual unification of energy, mass, and gravity.
… This article is the first of a series specifically devoted to revealing the secrets of the Universe. (Contains only a bare minimum of mathematics and mainly in one of the 14 sections.)
Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy—distinguishing between the apparent energy and the real energy of moving mass. (Posted 2012 Mar)

The Physical Nature of Length Contraction: An easy to follow examination of how the mode by which matter is “conducted” through luminiferous aether causes the matter to contract. A simple derivation of the mathematical expression for this physical phenomenon is presented. There is also a brief discussion of relevant historical aspects and of nonphysical length contraction. (Posted 2012 Feb)

Einstein’s Simple Mathematical Trick –and the Illusion of a Constant Speed of Light  (Posted 2011 Dec)

The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened
What historians call "the greatest cosmological debate in history” was between TWO  expanding universes —two hypothetical models that share the same, I repeat, the same foundational property! If one is to claim some great clash of ideas (let alone the "greatest") then surely there must exist some deep dividing difference! (Posted 2011 Oct)

Amazing video of a simulated cellular universe. The nodal galaxy structures are truly stunning.

The Three Components of the Speed-of-Light Postulate —Absolute vs relative; variance vs invariance. Another instance of the Heraclitian "Harmony of Opposites" (Posted 2011 June 27)



 

GENERAL INTEREST ARTICLES:

Mysteries & Paradoxes that Plague Standard Cosmology

Cosmology Crisis of 1998

Critique of Conventional Cosmology ... comments relating to the 'preposterous' expanding-universe paradigm.
Bafflement —the remarkable admission of a physicist.
The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened   —During the 20th century there was a decades-long debate: The cataclysmic expanding universe VS the stable expanding universe. But there has never been a debate of the dynamic expanding universe VS the dynamic non-expanding universe. (Posted 2011 Oct)

Models of the Universe —Historical, Expanding, and Cellular universes.

The Universe is Infinite (Part 1) —an explanation of why it must be spatially infinite.

The Universe is Infinite (Part 2) —an explanation of why it must be time-wise infinite.

DSSU, The Non-Expanding Universe: Structure, Redshift, Distance —A long sought-after goal of astrophysicists has been a formulation of cosmic distance that is independent of the speed of light. The goal has now been achieved. The present Paper details the surprisingly simple distance expression and its validating agreement with Supernova data.

Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity —Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force. (Posted April, 2011)

Gravity and Lambda —a Story of Opposites (.htm) —A story of opposites in harmony. Key differences between the Conventional Cosmology and the New Cosmology are presented.

Dynamic Cosmic Cell —The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.

Why Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity (htm) with EXTRAS.

Why Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity (pdf) —C. Ranzan —“By 1922 Einstein had been nominated about fifty times —most were for his relativity theories.” (Reprinted by permission of PEP, from Physics Essays Vol 22, No 4, P564 (2009). ABSTRACT

Questions & Comments
 

DSSU Theory:

Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the DSSU (Introduction) —This introductory essay gives a thematic tour of historical and modern universes culminating with the Natural Universe.

Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the Dynamic Steady State Universe (pdf) —The first complete presentation of all four postulates of DSSU theory. A powerful paper that resolves the cause-of-causes paradox, explains the non-independent nature of time, and reveals the 'supreme advantage'. It includes a concise comparison with standard cosmology focusing on real-world viability.

Dynamic Cosmic Cell —The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.

Unified Gravitation Cells of the DSSU —Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells

Space Flow Equations and Expansion-Contraction Rates (pdf) —This paper explores the mathematical aspects of the two space postulates of DSSU theory —and uncovers some profound consequences.
 

ARTICLES on AETHER:

The Aether Experiments and the Impact on Cosmology —The aether has been detected at least 6 times in recent history. Its most recent re-discovery, in 2001, led to the long-sought causal mechanism of gravity —a discovery, which in turn, is revolutionizing cosmology.

Michelson-Morley and the Story of the Aether Theory —Richard Milton's analysis of the historical details involving the misrepresentation, bias and cover-up that hampered the Aether theory.

The History of the Aether Theory —The historic development of the aether as a scientific theory of space itself. What started as the "fifth element" of Antiquity becomes molded by theoretical constraints and experimental evidence into the dual-dynamic quantum foam —the Essence of the Universe. (rev2011-3)

Relativity of Time in the Aether-Space of the DSSU —How intrinsic time and relative time are related.

DSSU Relativity —The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space —Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication, Physics  Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010). ABSTRACT

The Physical Nature of Length Contraction —the DSSU Theory of Length Contraction Induced by Absolute Motion.
An easy to follow examination of how the mode by which matter is “conducted” through luminiferous aether causes the matter to contract. A simple derivation of the mathematical expression for this physical phenomenon is presented. There is also a brief discussion of relevant historical aspects and of nonphysical length contraction. (Posted 2012 Feb)

Contradiction Divides Two Aether Theories —An exploration into the three parts of the speed-of-light postulate.
Published in Physics  Essays Journal (Vol 24, No.3, Sept, 2011)

Here is an external webpage with an extensive list of research papers on the aether-drift experiments, and the larger question of energy in space.

DSSU RESEARCH PAPERS:

DSSU Cosmic Redshift-Distance Relation (htm) —Converting the cosmic redshift into distance for our Cellular Universe using a simple and elegant equation.

The Large Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady State Universe (pdf)  (Chapter 1 of DSSU Manuscript) —The postulates and implications of regional space expansion and contraction.

Cosmic-Scale Structural Features Explained (pdf) (Chapter 2 of DSSU Manuscript)
—The Spacing of Clusters
—Sheets of Galaxies
—Supernodes
—Right-angled Walls of Galaxies.

The Cosmic Background Radiation in the DSSU —The natural explanation of the microwave background radiation applicable to the natural Cellular Universe.

Glossary of Terms used in Cosmology and Astrophysics with particular emphasis on DSSU theory.
(Opens in separate Window or Tab)

GRAVITY:

Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity —Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force. (Posted April, 2011)

First journal-published paper featuring the DSSU:
The Story of Gravity and Lambda —How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery —Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of PEP, from Physics Essays, Vol 23, No1, P75-87 (2010 Mar). ABSTRACT

The Story of Gravity and Lambda —How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery —Ranzan Considered "an excellent contribution to the [PE journal]" --professional reviewer.

Unified Gravitation Cells of the DSSU —Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells

 

RELATIVITY ARTICLES:

Einstein’s Simple Mathematical Trick –and the Illusion of a Constant Speed of Light  (Posted 2011 Dec)

FINALLY ACCEPTED for publication, after 22 months of repeated rounds of review!: Extended Relativity —Exploiting the Loopholes in Enstein's Relativity:—Abstract & link — Initial Reviews 

Relativity of Time in the Aether-Space of the DSSU —Absolute Motion and Intrinsic Time

Resolving a Paradox in Special Relativity —Absolute Motion and the Unified Doppler Equation.
(Posted 2011, July). Reprinted by permission of PEP, from Physics  Essays Vol 23, No.4, p594 (2010). ABSTRACT

How DSSU Relativity Resolves the Speed Paradox (Introductory Discussion)   —Absolute Motion Resolves a (speed) Paradox in Einstein’s Special Relativity. (Supplementary Discussion)

DSSU Relativity --The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space (Posted 2011, July). Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication, Physics  Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010). ABSTRACT

The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 1) —Response to a Reviewer Critical of DSSU Absolute-Space Relativity

The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 2) —how to convert ABSTRACT-SPACE equations into ABSOLUTE-SPACE equations

Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy —distinguishing between the apparent energy and the real energy of moving mass. (Posted 2012 Mar)
 

An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
(Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004)

"The big bang today relies on a growing number of hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark matter and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by astronomers and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics would this continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of bridging the gap between theory and observation. It would, at the least, raise serious questions about the validity of the underlying theory. ..."  continues ...
 

A devastating Declaration of opposition to Big Bang cosmology signed by more than 400 Researchers.

For the full text click on:
CosmologyStatement.org
or alternate site.

INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM:
This website is mainly concerned with revisionism in cosmology. Those of us involved in replacing the unnatural expanding-universe paradigm are aware of the difficulties involved.
   However, other revisionists have unimaginable difficulties. Consider the ongoing persecution of revisionists in other fields of intellectual pursuit: 
"It makes you wonder —about the immense effort being made by State and State-sponsored organizations with budgets of tens of millions of dollars and thousands of employees and associates to smother and punish these few men and women. Every punishing instrument imaginable is used, every vicious slander conceivable, every flagrant and pervasive form of censorship that law allows, including the imprisonment of simple writers for thought crimes against the State. ... Makes you wonder." —Bradley R. Smith (2011)

"Discussing truth is so controversial, so dangerous … In most of the world it is simply illegal.” Gordon Duff, Senior Editor, Veterans Today (2011)
DEDICATION: This website is solemnly dedicated to those individuals who have conducted research in their chosen field and have informed others of their inquiries and suffered the consequences when subpoenaed by the Inquisition or some variant thereof. The dedication extends to those individuals currently imprisoned, and those now facing trial and persecution simply for exercising their basic human right of freedom of expression supposedly granted to them under the UN Charter of Human Rights.

. . . more than 1000 writers persecuted worldwide . . .

Precedent-setting Internet Censorship Case heard by the Federal Court of Canada involving freedom proponent Marc Lemire: On December 13-14 (2011) the Court ruled on the Government's appeal of an earlier decision, by the CHRC Tribunal, which declared Section 13 (Internet censorship) of the Canadian Human Rights Act to be unconstitutional. (Section 13 prohibits criticism of any identifiable group and, amazingly, does not allow truth to be used as a defence!)

ALSO: Be aware of the continuing threat to our precious freedom of expression on the Internet. The threat is serious and relentless. It is described on www.infowars.com as “… the formal effort to mimic Communist China’s system of Internet censorship.” See The Secret Behind SOPA . (2012-Jan)


© Copyright 2005-2012 by
Conrad Ranzan
and
 DSSU Research

All Rights Reserved
  For information regarding permission to reproduce selected material herein, please contact:

D S S U  Research
 Niagara Falls, Canada

11th year on the Internet.
Most recent update:
2012 May15


 Visits since 2010 July: Hit Counter

2012-5-15

The Universe is Infinite (Part 2)

—addressing the question of temporal infinity

Conrad Ranzan
2010

The Conventional Opposing Argument

 The conventional argument against an infinitely aged universe goes like this:
(i) The contrary position is taken as the argument's starting premise; that is, an infinitely old universe is temporarily assumed. (ii) It is then shown that such a premise leads to a logical contradiction, thereby, (iii) invalidating the starting premise.

Let's look at the details. The starting premise is that the universe is infinite in time (or equivalently that it is infinitely old). And since all things must have a beginning we also assume that the universe along with time, of course, began in the infinite past. (If the reader rejects any, and all, notions of a beginning, rest assured, such a repudiation will be considered later.) ... Essentially the the premise is that the universe began infinitely long ago.

But infinity is mercilessly uncompromising.

Infinity is deceptively unattainable. If there was (or more properly if we imagine) a universe genesis in the ultimate remote past —infinitely long ago— then there is simply no way to arrive at the present, and very real, Universe. No way for the present-of-the-past to have traversed the infinite time-span between the alleged 'genesis' event and the physical present.

The assumption that genesis occurred in the infinite past leads to the absurd conclusion that the present —our here-and-now— cannot exist. It means, we can't get TO the present and yet here we are IN the present, thinking and discussing the infinity question (to pluralize a famous dictum, "We think therefore we are.") It means, step (iii) has been fulfilled  —the starting premise has been invalidated.

Kant's Famous Argument Against an Infinite Past

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) reasoned that the universe cannot be unlimited in past time  because that would mean that an infinite number of events or succession of states of the world must have occurred. But since infinity can never be attained "by successive synthesis," the hypothesis of an eternal universe has to be false. [1]
 

Logic demands that the time span from genesis (any sort of genesis)  to the present must be finite! —no matter how great the time span! —no matter how far back we imagine genesis occurred! It simply cannot be otherwise. ... Logic is just as uncompromising as is infinity.

And so, the premise must be wrong and must be rejected. Thus the universe did NOT begin in the infinite past.

So far, so good.

Now comes the tricky part. If the conclusion is that "the universe did NOT begin in the infinite past" can the conclusion also mean that the universe had its beginning in the finite past? The conventional wisdom says that if the infinite past is ruled out then the universe must be of finite age. And the conventional wisdom has for a long time been backed by practicing astrophysicists. Moreover, the revolution in cosmology, that spanned the 20th century, practically demanded the adoption of this extended conclusion. Just look at the universe models constructed during that period. Some versions of the Big Bang have a singular beginning (called a singularity) said to have occurred 15-20 Giga years ago. Other versions oscillate between epochal periods of explosive expansion and implosive contraction; and, presumably, were birthed from a mother-of-all big bangs.

But, are philosopher-physicists truly justified in accepting the extended conclusion? ... Or have they  missing something? Have they overlooked some other possibility?

 

The Four Possible Premises

Not two, but four possible premises

The problem is that the starting premise and its alternate are both wrong —both lead to paradoxes.

The assumption that the universe actually had a beginning —whether in the infinite past or the finite past— is wrong. Entirely wrong.

Kant also recognized this when he craftily advanced arguments that discredited both alternatives. On the one hand there is the problem of an unattainable infinite succession and on the other, if the universe came into existence at some particular moment in time, then there must have been a time before it existed (Kant called this "void time"). But then he argued, obscurely, that nothing can originate in a void time.[2]  Unfortunately, what weakens his argument is that Kant seems to believe that time has some sort of independent existence (a sort of absoluteness quality). In DSSU theory[3] 'time' does not have independent existence; "void time" is replaced by the concept of total nonexistence.

No. What the model makers of the past have overlooked is that there are four possible assumptions —the premises from which to attempt to construct a realistic universe. The chart below shows all the available options.

 


How the universe came/comes into existence. There are 4 ways to configure a genesis for the universe. The conventional debate over the time-wise infinity of the universe has given rise to the first two options shown above. The 3rd option is the null configuration —a universe that neither came nor comes into existence. Inspired by (and compatible with) the new cellular cosmology, the last choice (on the right) involves a steady-state process of continuous genesis. The 4th option supports a logically consistent infinite universe.

 

The first option, as we have seen, leads to a logical impossibility.

The second option leads to its own absurdities: the obvious missing cause, the problem of prior nonexistence, the very meaning of nonexistence as applied to the universe.

If we think of the 4 choices as methods for conceptually generating a generic universe then the 3rd selection represents the null option. ... The third option, we may immediately recognize, is quite contrary to the evidence. See the adjacent textbox.

 

A No-Genesis Universe (the null option)

To assume that the universe had no genesis means that either (i) the universe and its components have always existed or (ii) the universe is componentless and does not exist. The former is obviously unsuitable for a universe that demonstrably manifests change on a wide range of scales; the latter obviously contradicts the evidence.
     If one selects the interpretation that the no-genesis universe has always existed then it follows that such a universe is INFINITE in time (or of time).

The fourth option, to the best of my knowledge, has never been explored prior to the emergence of the Fourth Cosmology revolution.[4]

The fourth option.  Instead of postulating a genesis in the infinite past or postulating one in the finite past, this option hypothesizes a continuous genesis.

What do I mean by "continuous genesis"? ... I mean that the universe is perpetually undergoing a process of continuous regeneration —an infinitely continuous genesis.  I mean that the universe has a continuous overlapping existence. The Universe has ALWAYS existed while its essence and its components are continuously "regenerating."

 

The Continuous-Genesis Universe

The Continuous-Genesis universe is compellingly natural. It is remarkably compatible with the observable cosmos. And this compatibility is not dependent on the philosophically incomprehensible hypothesis of an expanding universe. This type of universe does not require a speculative big bang scenario.

Best of all, and the main point of the discussion, is that the Continuous-Genesis universe is unambiguously temporally infinite.

Now for the checkmate argument. First let me invoke DSSU theory and be quite specific as to the meaning of "regenerating" —as in "the essence and components of the universe are continuously regenerating." I must emphasis that "regenerating" does not  in any way imply a universe that is cyclical or in some way recycling itself. Rather it is a one-way (one directional) process by which entities form or precipitate from the essence-substance of the universe. It involves the Primary Process of the Universe. For more details on this see Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the Dynamic Steady State Universe,[5]

The "regenerating of the essence substance" means —and this is of fundamental importance— the growth or expansion of aether-space (an observable, detectable, phenomenon). And "regenerating of the components of the universe" means the spontaneous formation of most-fundamental particles and their subsequent aggregation into hierarchical structures all the way up to galaxy clusters.

Now, in addition to the formation/creation processes there is another aspect to the notion of "regenerating." There is the balancing negation of what has been formed/created. Do not think of this as being cyclical; the processes are continuous and simultaneous (although they occur in spatially separate regions). And rest assured there need be no violation of the conservation of energy law and no violation of the second law of thermodynamics. See ref. [5].

In other words, the Continuous-Creation universe is also a Continuous-Annihilation universe. ... But the paramount driver of the universe is the Primary Process.

Essentially it is the Primary Process (missing in other models of the universe) that allows me to expand the claim attributed to the Continuous-Genesis universe and say that it is unambiguously and inevitably  temporally infinite!

 

The New Infinite Cosmology

Important Points (and the Emergence of a New Cosmology)

The traditional argument 'proving' that an infinitely old universe is impossible only applies to a "simply created" universe. The argument DOES NOT apply to a "continuously created" universe.

The New Cosmology model, the DSSU, is a continuous-formation universe. The formation processes are balanced by  harmoniously opposite processes. There exists a perpetual harmony of opposites as was proposed by Heraclitus thousands of years ago. And whatever is perpetual is, by definition, infinite. The DSSU is time-wise infinite.

Another important point is that the Continuous-Creation universe and the  Continuous-Annihilation universe are both dynamic —in fact oppositely dynamic. What happens when opposing steady-state dynamic processes interact? The answer represents the key to understanding the  phenomenological universe on its largest scale. The answer is, the opposing dynamic processes form cells —they form the cosmic cells of voids surrounded by galaxy clusters. They sustain the cosmic cells that have long been observed by astronomers but heretofore unsupported by a compelling theory.

Philosophical Connections

Look again at the four options presented in the chart, above. For each option consider its opposing part or opposing process. (i) Genesis in the infinite past is opposed by an end-event in the infinite future. Now note that, obviously, there can never be any unity or synthesis between these conflicting opposites. (ii) Genesis in the finite past is opposed, presumably, by an end-event in the finite future. But these opposites can never be in true harmony (there can be no interactive harmony) because they occur separately and sequentially. (iii) The opposing part of the 3rd option is trivially sterile. A non-beginning is countered by a non-ending. (iv) With the final option, continuous creation is opposed by continuous annihilation. Here we have a dynamic unity of opposites. In fact, the fourth option embodies the ultimate harmony of opposites.

The basic notion of the relationship between opposites can be traced back to the ancient Greeks. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) wrote of a vague unity of opposites, "the knowledge of opposites is one." [6]  Heraclitus of Ephesus (c.536-470 BCE) espoused a doctrine of "the harmony of opposites." It was a  powerful principle and, through the ages, was adopted by other philosophers. One was Georg Hegel (1770-1831) who held that truth is an organic unity of opposed parts or processes.[7]  From this Hegelian perspective, the 4th option represents a dynamic unity of continuous formation/creation and opposing continuous destruction/annihilation.

Hegel, as well as the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte[8] (1762-1814), embraced the strongest version of the harmony of opposites that I have ever encountered.

“... Fichte was right —thesis, antithesis and synthesis constitute the formula and secret of all development and all reality." —Will Durant [9]

The 4th option represents all reality, all existence, through a thesis, antithesis, and synthesis of its processes.

Future of the Fourth Option

The superiority of the 4th option is unquestionable. The  4th option in conjunction with the cellular-universe theory (DSSU theory) is a formidable cosmic imperative of crystalline clarity.

Together, the 4th option and the DSSU represent a powerful problem-free cosmology. Together, they represent a rejection of the radical approach to cosmology taken during the 20th century while retaining the unassailable core pillar of ALL modern cosmology. (The core pillar of all modern cosmology is, of course, the expansion of space. It is NOT the expansion of the universe. No, the "pillar of universe expansion" is a fairy-tale castle constructed on the unsound belief in a single cosmic genesis.)

The New Cosmology with its steady-state Continuous-Creation feature represents the fourth revolution [4] in the history of cosmology.   

 

2010-09                        Copyright by Conrad Ranzan          E-mail:   Ranzan@CellularUniverse.org

www.CellularUniverse.org

 

References and Notes

  1. ^ Davies, Paul. 1995. About Time, Einstein's Unfinished Revolution (Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York) p186
  2. ^ Ibid. p186
  3. ^ DSSU is the acronym for Dynamic Steady State Universe. It is a model based on the premise that all things are processes. The Dynamic Steady State Universe is a cosmology theory of a spatially infinite cellular universe.
  4. ^ Four cosmology revolutions: The 1st revolution in cosmology occurred when the universe ruled by gods was replaced by the universe ruled by natural laws. The 2nd revolution involved the overthrow of the Geocentric by the Heliocentric. The 3rd revolution saw the overthrow of the STATIC unchanging universe by the EXPANDING universe. Finally, the Fourth Cosmology revolution is the overthrow of the Expanding-Universe paradigm by the Non-Expanding Cellular universe.
  5. ^ Ranzan, C. Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the Dynamic Steady State Universe, Published on Cellular Universe Website (www.CellularUniverse.org/Th4Postulates.PDF )
  6. ^  Durant, Will. 1927. The Story of Philosophy (Doubleday, Toronto, Canada) p321
  7. ^  Durant, Will. 1927. The Story of Philosophy (Doubleday, Toronto, Canada) p322
  8. ^  Fichte was a friend of Emmanuel Kant
  9. ^  Durant, W. 1927. The Story of Philosophy (Doubleday, Toronto, Canada) p322
 
 

 

2010-09

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All rights reserved.		   C. Ranzan Email:
DSSUresearch@CellularUniverse.org		   Revised: 11-03-15.