Glossary of Terms
A B
C D E
F G H
I L M
N P Q
R S T
U V W
4th cosmology: The DSSU is the 4th
cosmology. It is called the 4th cosmology because of its emergence as the
4th revolution in cosmology —a revolution of the overthrow of the
Expanding-Universe paradigm by the Non-Expanding Cellular universe. See
Cosmology revolutions.
Absorption line:
a more or less narrow range, of wavelengths in a spectrum, that is darker
than neighboring wavelengths. Absorption lines are seen in the analysis of
light from stars.
Aether: (1) The original ether: In Aristotelian physics,
the fifth element, the quintessence, of which the ‘heavens’ are
made. In classical physics, the invisible medium that diffuses all space.
(2) The historic: The stuff that
fills the apparent emptiness of the universe. Invented by René Descartes,
Isaac Newton, and reinvented by many others, including James Clerk Maxwell
who used it for his electromagnetic theory; but was discredited and
discarded by Einstein. Aether was detected and verified in at least six
separate experiments during the 20th century.
(3) The new: In the New Cosmology
(in the DSSU) aether-space is a dynamic medium consisting of quantum
precursors —fundamental energy oscillators. As a basic space medium it
serves as the propagator of electromagnetic waves. As a dynamic-space
medium it manifests gravitation in its two observable forms.
Anisotropic: the property of being
different in certain directions. See isotropy.
Anisotropy: the observable difference
between different directions.
Anti-gravity: the ‘repulsive’ effect
produced by the expansion of aether-space.
Antiparticles: are the by-products of
collisions of particles in high energy interactions (e.g., near neutron
stars and black holes) and often detected in cosmic rays.
Assimilation of space: by this process
mass & energy are able to contract or consume space, thereby
pulling-in surrounding space. In the context of the DSSU gravity
theory, this is called primary gravity (since it leads to three
secondary effects).
Baryon: a massive elementary particle made up
of three quarks. Neutrons and protons are baryons.
BB: an expansionary model in which an
explosion-like event initiated the universe. Popularly known as the Big
Bang.
BBI: expansionary and inflationary model of
the universe; a universe that has at least one episode of abnormally high
rate of space expansion. (Generically, a universe which becomes diluted
with too much space.)
Blackbody: an object with a constant
temperature that absorbs all radiation that hits it.
Black hole: (1) Conventionally: a collapsed
gravitational mass. It has a gravitational field so intense that the
escape velocity exceeds that of light. Consequently, in the case of a
non rotating black hole, practically no radiation is emitted. In terms of
general relativity, the space around a black hole reaches infinite
curvature, and the interior tends to infinite density, thus making it a
singularity.
(2) DSSU basic black hole: a
neutron or superneutron star for which the space flow entering its surface
approaches the speed of light.
(3)
A SU-AN black hole:
is a superneutron star with a collapsing core. At the core of a sufficiently
massive black hole space and matter, exceed a certain maximum density (and
temperature), and undergo a suppression-annihilation (SU-AN)
process.
Bubble Universe: used interchangeably with
unit-universe, cosmic cell, and dodecahedral universe. They
each refer to one of the cells of the Cellular Universe.
CMB: Cosmic Microwave Background radiation,
also CMBR, CBR and the “3 K blackbody radiation.”
(1) In BB cosmology:
Radiation left over from the hot Big Bang which has cooled by expansion to
a temperature slightly less than 3 degrees above absolute zero.
(2) In new cosmology: ultra distant
starlight redshifted from 5800 K down to about 3 K.
Containment Principle: (1)
In standard
cosmology: the physical universe contains everything that is physical, and
nothing else.
(2) In the new cosmology:
the universe contains everything that is physical, as well as quantum
entities that fluctuate between the physical and the ethereal, and nothing
else.
Contraction Field: the spherical region,
surrounding a mass body, in which space is contracted, in a process
of self dissipation.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR or CBR):
A nearly uniform flux of microwave emission coming from all directions of
the cosmos; with an intensity corresponding approximately to a black-body
curve.
(1) The 2.7 K temperature and anisotropic properties approximate
those ‘predicted’ by the BB theory as having been generated by photons
released from the big bang when the universe was less than one million
years old.
(2) In the new cosmology:
the 2.7 K CBR is the radiation received from distant galaxies (emitting
light at a peak intensity temperature of about 5800 K) after being
redshifted by a z factor of 2000 during a journey of 123,000MLY.
Cosmic gravity: In the context of the DSSU
cosmology, cosmic gravity is the acceleration of space flow in the
cosmic voids where space motion is of a radially diverging pattern.
Cosmic gravity acts in that portion of the unified gravitational
field where comoving trajectories (of objects) are diverging. It
is the Lambda force/effect. See also normal gravity.
Cosmogony: any theory of the origin of the
universe or one of its component systems, such as star clusters, galaxies,
and superclusters.
Cosmological Constant (denoted by the Greek
letter Λ):
(1)
Traditionally, it is the multiplicative constant for a
term proportional to the metric in Einstein’s general relativity
equation relating the curvature of space to energy-momentum. When positive
it represents space expansion and potentially leads to an acceleration of
the expansion of the universe.
(2) In the new cosmology it
represents the expansion of space, but has nothing to do with
Universe expansion. That is, space expands, the Universe does not.
Cosmological Principle: states that the
universe, on the large scale, is homogeneous and isotropic; that is,
uniform in all places and in all directions. Spatial homogeneity. See also
perfect cosmological principle.
Cosmologist: one who studies cosmology.
Cosmology: (1) the general science of the
cosmos or material universe, its structures, its composition, and its laws.
Combines astronomy, astrophysics, particle physics, and mathematics to
assemble the knowledge into a world picture. (2) A particular cosmological
theory. The DSSU theory is the new cosmology.
Cosmology revolutions: The 1st revolution in
cosmology occurred when the universe ruled by gods was replaced by the
universe ruled by natural laws. The 2nd revolution involved the overthrow
of the Geocentric by the Heliocentric. The 3rd revolution saw the overthrow
of the STATIC unchanging universe by the EXPANDING universe. Finally, the
4th cosmology revolution is the overthrow of the Expanding-Universe
paradigm by the Non-Expanding Cellular universe.
Cosmos (from the Greek word kosmos for
order and beauty): The Universe as an embodiment of a system of order and
harmony.
Critical Density: (1) In the BB model it is
the matter/energy density of the universe at which the universe balances
between continued expansion and re-collapse.
(2) In the DSSU it is the
matter/energy density at which a defined region of space (the interface
region) experiences a balance between space inflow (from the space
expanding voids) and space contraction.
Curvature of Space: refers to the
mathematical representation of the real distortion of space or
aether-space. The 3 types of curvature: spherical, flat (Euclidean), and
hyperbolic.
Dark Matter: the exotic ingredient required
by the BB model; a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or scatter
any light. Its only interactions are gravitational. Has never been detected
and remains elusive.
Declination (Dec.): angular distance north
or south of the celestial equator.
Deduction: process of reasoning in which a
conclusion is derived from a given premise or premises, without the need
for additional information.
Dodecahedron: a twelve-sided ‘solid’
polyhedron. In a regular dodecahedron each side consists of a pentagon. The
rhombic dodecahedron is irregular, but symmetrical, and has
identical rhombus faces.
Doppler effect: the change in the observed frequency (and
wavelength) of an acoustic or electromagnetic wave due to relative motion
of source and observer. Named after the 19th century physicist credited
with its discovery.
DSSU: Dynamic Steady State Universe.
DSSU Theory: the cosmology theory that holds that aether-space is
dynamic and that it expands and contracts regionally and equally
resulting in a cosmic-scale cellularly-structured universe. It is defined
by four fundamental processes which provide a rationally coherent account
of the major phenomena of our Universe.
Electromagnetic force: one of the four forces
of nature. Electromagnetic interactions hold electrons in atoms, hold atoms
in molecules, and are important in all electronic devices.
Electroweak: a unified force that combines
the electromagnetic and weak nuclear interactions. Predicted by Weinberg
and Salam, experimentally verified by Rubbia and van der Meer.
Emission line: a more or less narrow range of
wavelengths in a spectrum that is brighter than neighboring wavelengths.
Emission lines are seen in the light from certain astronomical objects such
as quasars.
Energy: (1) the capacity to do work. (2) Manifestation of a
particular kind of force.
Energy links: are the
hypothetical tenuous ‘connections’
joining the positive and negative energy poles of the precursors.
Entropy: is an increase in disorder, a trend
towards thermal equilibrium. It represents a decrease in the useable forms
of energy. For a closed or an isolated system, entropy is not
conserved; it is increasing all the time.
(1)
In standard cosmology the source of low entropy is the expansion of
the entire universe. While the entropy forever increases for the universe
as a whole (or at least it is supposed to); this increase is incompatible
with the BB accelerating universe and actually leads to a paradox.
(2)
In the new cosmology the Universe is not a closed system: the source
of low entropy is the perpetual expansion of space, entropy increases
in the usual manner, while entropy decreases in the SU-AN process.
Each cosmic cell behaves somewhat as a subsystem.
Euclidean space: space which is not curved
(not distorted). Aether-space that is neither expanding nor
contracting.
Escape velocity: the minimum velocity, with
respect to the gravitating body, that will allow an object to escape from a
gravitational ‘pull’ (or field).
Event horizon: the ‘boundary’ of a
singularity black hole, at which the escape velocity exceeds the speed of
light. Also see
quasi event-horizon.
Flat space: space which is not curved.
Aether-space is neither expanding nor contracting.
Fundamental energy: the primitive-energy that
comprises the fundamental fluctuations (or energy oscillators); the
energy fluctuating between the virtual state and the real state in the form
of discrete units called precursors; also, the energy that becomes
locked into the real state when a pattern of precursors combine to form
primitive stable particles.
Galactic cluster: an open cluster of stars.
Not the same thing as a cluster of galaxies.
GLY: Giga-Lightyears. Or billion Light
Years. But the term ‘billion’ is often avoided because of a potential
confusion: In Canada and the United States it means a thousand million
(1,000,000,000); while in Britain and Germany it refers to a million
million (1,000,000,000,000).
Grand Unification Theory (GUT): a theory
that unifies the electromagnetic force with the nuclear forces (weak,
strong) into a single interaction. Several have been proposed, but none
experimentally verified.
Gravitational lensing: the creation of a
distorted image of a distant galaxy or object when its light is focused by
the gravity effect of a galaxy between it and the observer. In the DSSU
gravitational lensing is caused by the space contracting field
surrounding the particular intervening galaxy.
Gravity: the effect that causes the
acceleration of all entities towards the center of mass, and is
proportional to 1/r squared.
(1) In general relativity it is
the effect of the curvature distortion of spacetime.
(2) In DSSU cosmology it is the
effect of the dynamics of aether-space —specifically the
accelerated flow or inhomogeneous inflow of aether-space
towards, and into, matter.
Gravity, DSSU theory of: (1)
Gravitation is the effect produced by the acceleration of aether-space
itself towards the center of mass. (2) Gravity is caused primarily
by the direct assimilation of aether-space by matter. By this
process of assimilation, matter acts upon space —pulling-in the
surrounding space. (3) Gravity is caused secondarily by the
contraction of space within a surrounding space contraction field
—a region where space self-dissipates and literally disappears. The
intensity of contraction has an inverse relationship to radial
distance. (4) A unique feature of DSSU gravity is the presence of a
distinct zero-gravity point —at each cosmic void center. (5) The
expansion of space in each cosmic void also produces a radial
acceleration of aether-space and is, therefore, a
cosmic-gravity effect. This is simply the outwardly-directed effect
generically called the Lambda force or effect (comparable to the DeSitter
effect). (6) Now, combine the normal contractile-gravity (described
by (1), (2) & (3)) with the cosmic-gravity (described by (4) & (5))
and remarkably the DSSU theory of gravity becomes nothing less than
a unified theory of gravity.
Higgs Boson, Higgs Field: in conventional
physics, a hypothetical subatomic force particle which bestows the property
of mass to other particles; and the related force field.
Homogeneity: components of the universe are
evenly distributed within the universe on the large scale.
Hubble constant: (1) In expanding-universe
cosmology it is Ho —the rate at which the recession
velocity of galaxies increases with distance. The present value is roughly
20 km/s per million lightyears of distance, but its value varies with the
age of the BB universe.
(2) In the DSSU H is the
parameter that measures the rate of space expansion and is expressed as the
speed with which two comoving points, 1 million lightyears apart, are being
separated by the manifestation of new space. The value is about 20 km/s per MLY,
but varies with the location within the cellular structure of the universe.
Hubble's law (only in BB cosmology):
(recession velocity) = (Hubble constant) x distance.
By this law all galaxies are said
to be moving apart from each other at an average rate of about 20 km/s per
million lightyears of distance between them (or 50km/s per megaparsec).
The Hubble length, L: (only for
expanding-universe models) is defined as the distance at which the
recession velocity equals light speed. The distance has the quantitative
expression c/H, in which c = 3.00x105 km/s and
H » 18.6 km/s
per MLY,
and equals 16,100 million lightyears.
The new cosmology does
not recognize recession velocities and, therefore, does not have a Hubble
length, or a Hubble sphere. Implicitly and explicitly nothing whatsoever
is receding on the large scale.
The Hubble sphere: in expanding-universe
models, an imaginary sphere centered on the observer and having a radius
equal to the Hubble length, L.
Hyperbolic space: is the geometric term
(related to the negative curvature of space) used to describe a region of
dynamically expanding aether-space.
Hot Big Bang: a mythological creation model
of the universe which begins at ‘infinitely’ high density and temperature,
expands explosively, and cools to become like the Universe we observe now.
Inflationary scenario: one of the
save-the-appearance modifications of the BB model in which a large
cosmological constant exists, temporarily, early in the history of the BB,
leading to a rapid accelerating expansion of the universe, which is then
followed by the normal BB model with a decelerating expansion. In 1998 the
inflationary scenario was again invoked in a further ‘modification’ made
necessary by the unexpected reappearance of universe-wide acceleration.
Interface: the region between unit-universes
(cosmic cells) where expanding space and comoving material collide.
Inflationary universe model: a modification
of the big bang model; postulates that the early universe
experienced a brief period of extremely fast (exponential) expansion.
Isotropy: the property of being the same in
all directions.
Lambda force, +Λ: it is considered in
conventional astrophysics as the 5th force of nature. It is
often described as being a kind of antigravity, but its cause is
unknown. This 5th force is the property of the vacuum or
ether which, in an amazing coincidence, the Greek philosopher
Aristotle called the 5th element.
In the new cosmology:
(1) it
is the force/effect that appears in the cosmic voids; and is
caused (in part) by the fact that the space across each
unit-universe is under tension. The
positive Λ force is responsible for all large scale motion
and subsequent angular momentum.
(2) it is the negative pressure
present in the interior of each unit-universe. Note carefully that the
positive Lambda force/effect and negative pressure and
tension are all equivalent.
Lightyear: a measure of astronomical
distance. 1 lightyear = 9.46x1012 km.
Linear galaxy cluster: is the filamentous
aggregation of galaxies that exists at any triple boundary region
where three unit-universes meet each other. Along the ‘meeting line’ galaxy
structures, from three neighboring cells, aggregate to form a
concentration that extends from one node to another. Most often a linear
cluster is observed as a branching arm of a nodal galaxy cluster.
Links: See energy links.
Luminosity: the intrinsic brightness of a
star.
Mach’s Principle: states that inertial mass
and all inertial forces are due to the existence and distribution of all
the matter in the universe.
Magnitude: a scale used by astronomers to
measure flux; the apparent brightness of a celestial body, expressed on a
scale in which lower numbers mean greater brightness.
Materialism: belief that material objects and
their interactions constitute the complete reality of all phenomena. The
DSSU is a material universe, although it greatly depends on how the term
material is defined.
Milky Way accretion disk: in the new
cosmology the familiar Milky Way can be referred to as the greater
accretion disk of the millions of supernutron stars which, in
aggregation, form our rotating galactic core.
Milky Way density:
average density is one hydrogen atom per cubic cm. The Milky Way’s total
mass is 1012¤
(i.e., 1012 times the mass of our Sun) according to most
textbooks.
MLY: Mega lightyears or million lightyears;
a measure of cosmic distance.
NGP: North Galactic Pole. The Milky Way’s
North Galactic Polar axis points towards the Coma
nodal galaxy cluster.
Nodal galaxy cluster: the multi-branched
galaxy aggregation that occurs at each vertex of the rhombic or
trapezoidal dodecahedron unit-universe.
Nodal structure:
the immense matter concentrations at the unit-universe vertices. There are
basically two types: the tripodal and the quadrapodal
structures. There are also hypothetical supernode structures. The
types are characterized by the number of ‘arms’ (linear clusters)
that meet at a vertex.
Normal gravity: in the context of DSSU
cosmology, normal gravity is the acceleration of space flow towards
mass bodies (where local space-flow converges). On the larger
scale, normal gravity acts in that portion of each cosmic-scale
unified field where comoving trajectories (of objects) are
converging. It is the normal gravity of our everyday experience. See
also cosmic gravity, and unified gravitational field.
Parsec: astronomical unit of distance,
corresponding to a parallax of one arc-second, equal to 3.26 lightyears or
3.085678x1013 kilometers.
Perfect Cosmological Principle: states that
the universe, on the large scale, is uniform both in time and in space; an
extension of the cosmological principle. The DSSU conforms to the
perfect cosmological principle.
Platonic Solids: the five regular polyhedrons
—the tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron
—esteemed by Plato and the Pythagoreans as embodying aesthetic and rational
ideals.
Precursors: (1) quantum units of fundamental
energy fluctuations (energy oscillators);
(2) the
ultimate units of aether-space (and existence itself);
(3) the
primitives of real particles.
Proper motion: motion of a body through
space; same as intrinsic motion.
Quantum space: the quantization of
aether-space. In the DSSU quantum aether-space consists of virtual-real
pulsating precursors. (Often used to describe the ‘vacuum’ with its
potential to produce real particles.)
Quasi event-horizon: of a superneutron star (SNS)
is where the normal-to-surface velocity component of the space inflow
approaches c; or equivalently, where the theoretical escape velocity
approaches c. In DSSU theory this horizon coincides with the surface
of the SNS.
Also applies to a region of
space, such as the region enclosing the core of a galaxy, where the
radially inward space flow reaches 1/2 the speed of light.
Redshift (z): is defined as the displacement
towards the longer wavelengths of all the spectral lines in light coming
from the stars of distant galaxies; expressed as a fraction of the original
wavelength itself. The ratio
Dlù(lsource), where l
is the wavelength.
The cause of the redshift, in both
BB and DSSU cosmology, is primarily the expansion of space.
The redshift is used, by both, as a prized measure for determining cosmic
distance. However, in BB cosmology (unlike DSSU cosmology) the redshift is
interpreted as the evidence of actual receding velocity and even as
evidence of the expansion of the whole universe.
Redshift-distance relation: the correlation
between redshift in the spectra of galaxies and their distances. The
equation used depends on the particular cosmological model. The BB
model and the DSSU use distinctly different formulae.
Relativity, general theory of: Einstein’s
mathematical theory, incorporating the gravitational effect, in which space
and time are geometrized.
Relativity, special theory of: Einstein’s
theory of the electrodynamics of moving frames of reference.
Rhombus: a parallelogram with all sides of
equal length.
Right Ascension (R. A.): the astronomer’s
equivalent of longitude —longitudinal position lines projected onto the
celestial sphere— which divides the celestial sphere in 24 slices, each 15
degrees wide.
Schwarzschild radius: (1) In conventional
cosmology: it is that theoretical distance from the center of a mass object
for which the escape speed (with respect to the surface) equals the speed
of light. It can be calculated for any amount of mass, without reference to
relativity, using the expression RS=2GM/c2.
The Schwarzschild radius depends only on the quantity of mass (assuming no
rotation). If different bodies could be compressed to within their
Schwarzschild radius they would not necessarily have the same density.
(2) New cosmology: The
Schwarzschild radius is that theoretical spherical size of a mass
object for which the speed of (radially) inflowing space approaches,
but never reaches, the speed of light. It is calculated the same way as
above. It has physical meaning (a physical reality) only if it is less
than the radius of the actual material surface. According to Einstein’s
famous 1939 paper the Schwarzschild radius can never
be external to the structure. It means, unequivocally, that no object can
be equal-to or smaller than its Schwarzschild radius. (See also
Black holes)
Singularity: a concept in standard cosmology
used to describe a point region of infinite density —a point-region where
standard theories break down. Singularities do not exist in DSSU theory.
SNS: is a superneutron star. A star with
neutron density or greater; and having inflowing space that
approaches the speed of light.
SNS black hole:
a superneutron star with an active SU-AN core.
Space: the
infinite region of virtual-real quantum foam. Simply called the
aether.
Space contraction postulate: All matter
contracts aether-space, (1) directly through a process of assimilation or
direct absorption and, (2) indirectly through the surrounding
space contraction field.
The
Space contraction postulate may also
be called the mass-gravitation postulate:
1. Direct absorption or assimilation of
aether-space is the primary cause of gravitation.
2. Indirect contraction by means of space
contraction fields is the secondary cause of gravity.
(Comparatively, the quantity of indirectly contracted space is most
substantial).
Together they produce the
property of mass as well as the effect of gravity.
Space dynamics: The expansion and
contraction aspects of aether-space along with space flow
constitute a complete conceptual description of the total reality of space
dynamics of the Universe. (Notice that we say space dynamics of
the Universe —not in the Universe. Physical space, as herein
defined, is the essence of the Universe.)
Space expansion parameter: an empirically
derived value, symbolized by H, which measures the rate of space
expansion (and, in BB cosmology, is called the Hubble constant). The
research into the DSSU often uses a value of 18.6 km/sec per million
lightyears of distance.
Special relativity (Einstein): (1) Principle
of relativity: the impossibility of detecting uniform (inertial) motion by
laboratory experiments. No preferred frame-of-reference. (2) Constancy of
the speed of light: light is always propagated in empty space with a
velocity independent of the motion of the source.
Special relativity (DSSU):
(1) Aether-space serves as the preferred frame-of-reference. It
is possible to measure motion relative to absolute space. (2) Constancy
of the speed of light: light is always propagated in aether-space
with a velocity independent of the motion of the source.
Spectrometer: spreads starlight, or any other
light source, into its different wavelengths.
Speed of Light: c = 3.00 x 108
meters/second through aether-space.
Spherical Space: is the positive curvature
of space caused by the contraction of space by a mass body.
Star clusters: gravitationally bound
aggregation of stars, smaller and less massive than galaxies. The largest
star clusters are known as ‘globular’ clusters and harbour hundreds of
thousands to millions of stars; while the smaller ones are called ‘open’
clusters.
Static surface:
the static surface of infinite redshift (for a distant observer) is a
boundary, surrounding a spinning SNS (black hole), where space flow
actually reaches the speed of light. It is like a larger second ‘surface’
enclosing a rotating SNS and should not be confused with a true event
horizon nor a quasi event-horizon.
Steady State Expanding Universe: a model of
the expanding universe with constant density and physical properties.
Matter must be continually created to maintain the constant density.
Steady State Non-Expanding Universe: an
infinite universe with constant density on the largest scale and constant
physical processes and properties. Matter is continually being formed
and annihilated. Space itself is continually being formed
and annihilated.
String Theory: holds that subatomic
particles, instead of being mere points, actually have extension along one
axis, and that their properties are determined by the arrangement and
vibration of so called strings.
Strong nuclear force: one of the four forces
of nature. The strong nuclear force holds the particles in the nucleus of
atoms together.
Supernova Type 1A: is the explosion of a
white dwarf star in a binary system. Accretion from a companion raises the
mass above the maximum mass for gravitationally stable white dwarfs. The
quantity of matter reaches the Chandrasekhar limit and the white dwarf
starts to collapse. However, the ensuing compression ignites explosive
carbon-burning leading to a total disruption of the star. The light output
comes primarily from the energy produced by the decay of radioactive nickel
and cobalt produced in the explosion. The peak luminosity is correlated
with the rate of decay in the measured light-curve: less luminous
supernovae decay more quickly than do more luminous supernovae. When the
necessary correction is applied, the relative luminosity of a Type 1A SN
can be determined to within 20% accuracy. [Wright,
Edward The ABC’s of Distance
www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/distance.htm] Type 1A
supernovae are bright enough to be seen to such great distances that they
can be, and are, used to calibrate the cosmic redshift-distance law.
Theory: a rational self-consistent account of
a wider range of phenomena than is ordinarily accounted for by a
hypothesis.
Trapezoid: a quadrilateral with one pair of
parallel sides.
Unified gravitation field (of the DSSU):
describes the dynamic space of a cosmic region having a nodal galaxy
cluster as its central mass, surrounded by normal gravity
(contractile space), which is in turn surrounded by cosmic gravity
(expansionary space). It is called ‘unified’ because each field consists of
both normal gravity with its inward converging trajectories,
as well as cosmic gravity with its inward diverging
trajectories. As dictated by the unit-universe geometry, the unified
fields are bounded and exist in mainly two shapes: tetrahedral and
octahedral.
Unified theory: in general, a theory that
gathers a wide range of fundamentally different phenomena under a single
precept.
Unit dodecahedral universe: one of the names
given to the largest structure of the dynamic steady state universe
(DSSU). Also known as unit-universe, bubble universe, and
cosmic cell.
Universality: the property that the same
physical laws apply throughout the infinite universe.
UQEP: unified quantum energy particle. A
hypothetical first level real particle.
Vacuum energy density: Quantum theory
requires empty space to be filled with particles and antiparticles being
continually created and annihilated. This leads to a net density of the
‘vacuum’ and behaves like a cosmological constant. As attractive as this
concept sounds, it does not seem to be necessary in the DSSU. In DSSU space
(in the void regions) there is a negative pressure (the tension that exists
across a unit-universe) which stretches space. This negative pressure, in
the act of expanding space, behaves like a cosmological constant.
Velocity, intrinsic: In DSSU cosmology the
intrinsic velocity of a galaxy or object is the velocity relative to the
local space.
Virtual quantum foam: (also virtual foam) a
microscopic description of space, consisting of virtual-real quantum
precursors or fundamental fluctuations.
Weak nuclear force:
one of the four forces of nature. The weak nuclear force is responsible for
radioactive decay as well as the fusion reactions in the Sun that provide
heat and light for the Earth.
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